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    1. Species/
    2. Fish/
    3. Pseudanthias squamipinnis
    Pseudanthias squamipinnis

    Fish · Anthiadidae

    Pseudanthias squamipinnis

    Lyretail anthias

    The lyretail anthias is the most widespread anthias in the hobby: a small schooling fish of the Indo-West Pacific that lives in shoals above the reef, picking zooplankton from open water. Females are orange, males fuchsia.

    • intermediate level
    • Reef Safe
    Water flow
    High
    Minimum tank
    492 L
    Adult size
    ≤ 15 cm

    On this sheet

    1. Water parameters
    2. Care and feeding
    3. Compatibility
    4. Description
    5. Conservation
    6. Classification
    7. Sources

    What it needs

    Water parameters

    • Temperature°C
      2230
      22.2–25.6 °C
    • SalinitySG
      1.021.03
      1.02–1.025 SG

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  1. pH
    7.68.6
    8.1–8.4
  2. Alkalinity (KH)dKH
    513
    8–12 dKH
  3. Range recommended by the sheet

    Day to day

    Care and feeding

    • LevelIntermediate
    • FoodCarnivore
    • Tank≥ 492 L

    Care

    Pick a fish that swims actively in open water; avoid fish hiding in the corals, or whose head looks too big and back sunken, a sign of weight loss. Smaller specimens ship better and acclimate more readily than large ones. As with any marine fish, a 2–4 week quarantine in a separate tank limits the risk of bringing parasites into your display.

    Newly added anthias are often skittish: a light suddenly switching on or off, or your hand in the tank, can trigger spectacular leaps. Avoid sudden changes during the first weeks.

    It is one of the most aggressive anthias, but also one of the hardiest. In a group the pecking order is harsh: subordinate females are harassed, hide, stop eating and die one after another, and the male wears himself out chasing his tankmates. For a group, plan a large tank (at least 125–130 US gallons, about 470–490 litres), a single male for four to six females or juveniles, and add all of them at the same time. In a smaller tank keep a single fish; a lone male may however lose his colours and look more like a female.

    It mostly uses the middle of the tank but likes several hiding places. It enjoys strong current and clean, well-oxygenated water; in strong flow the fish stay closer together. It leaves invertebrates alone and works as a dither fish that draws shy species into the open. Avoid dottybacks, angelfish, hawkfish and large damsels, which can harass it to death.

    A healthy anthias swims in open water, feeds eagerly and keeps a well-filled back. Recommended parameters: about 22–26 °C (72–78 °F), specific gravity 1.020–1.025, pH 8.1–8.4, alkalinity 8–12 dKH.

    Feeding

    Like all Pseudanthias, in the wild it feeds on zooplankton (copepods, crustacean larvae, fish eggs) picked constantly from open water. In a reef tank the main risk is malnutrition, because the tank's own plankton is not enough: if you do not want to feed often, skip anthias.

    Feed at least three times a day, ideally small amounts as often as you can. Whole frozen mysis (not mushy), thawed in a cup of tank water and drained, is readily taken; as it lacks some pigments, add colour-enhancing flakes, enriched brine shrimp and frozen copepods such as Cyclop-Eeze. Pour food into a pump outflow so it drifts like plankton.

    A refugium where copepods, amphipods and mysids multiply gives it a constant, nutritious supply that helps keep its colours. Plenty of food also reduces aggression within the group.

    Decor

    • Large open swimming area in mid-water
    • Several hiding places in the rockwork
    • Strong flow and well-oxygenated water
    • Refugium with copepods and amphipods

    Tank mates

    Compatibility

    Goes well with

    • ✓Corals and invertebrates: it leaves them alone
    • ✓Peaceful, shy fish: it draws them into the open (dither fish)
    • ✓One male to 4–6 females or juveniles, added together to a large tank

    Avoid

    • ✕Dottybacks, angelfish, hawkfish and large damsels: they can harass it to death
    • ✕Several males, or a group in a tank that is too small: subordinate fish waste away
    • ✕Tanks fed once a day or less: it quickly becomes malnourished

    In detail

    Description

    Females are golden orange, reach 7 cm and have a violet streak below the eye. Males reach 15 cm: they are fuchsia to red, with a much elongated third dorsal-fin ray, a red patch on the pectoral fin and a lyre-shaped tail with extended tips. Colours and the size at sex change vary from one region to another, and dealers sell Indian Ocean and Pacific forms. The yellow phase of the blenny Ecsenius midas mimics the lyretail anthias and mixes with its shoals.

    In the wild it lives above coral outcrops and patch reefs in clear lagoons, channels and outer reef slopes, at 0–55 m (usually 5–35 m). Shoals range from small isolated groups to more than 2,000 fish covering whole reef faces. They are made up mostly of females and non-territorial males; territorial males defend a patch of reef and their harem with U-shaped display swims. In the Red Sea there is roughly one territorial male to every eight females.

    It is a protogynous hermaphrodite: males are former females. When the male disappears, the dominant female changes sex, within two to four weeks in the wild but after 170–280 days in an all-female group; the change happens at about 5 cm. The male spawns every night with several females in turn, and the eggs are pelagic; in the Red Sea spawning takes place at sunset from December to February.

    Captive breeding is still exceptional. In 2014 the Long Island Aquarium (USA) raised a first juvenile from eggs collected in its large reef exhibit; it settled at about 81 days. In 2019 Marineland Antibes achieved the first deliberate captive breeding: metamorphosis at 55–65 days, larvae fed only on copepods, and just four juveniles from the first batch.

    Characteristics

    • Females up to 7 cm, males up to 15 cm (total length)
    • Marked dimorphism: orange females with a violet streak below the eye, fuchsia males with a long dorsal ray and lyre tail
    • Protogynous hermaphrodite: the dominant female turns male if the male disappears
    • Shoals of a few fish to more than 2,000 in the wild
    • Like all Pseudanthias, feeds on zooplankton: copepods, crustacean larvae, fish eggs
    • Lives at 0–55 m, usually 5–35 m
    • Least Concern (IUCN, 2015), stable population

    Origin

    • Indo-West Pacific

    Distribution

    • Red Sea
    • East Africa south to Natal (South Africa)
    • Western Pacific east to Niue, from Japan to Australia

    Status

    Conservation

    IUCN Red List
    LCNTVUENCREWEX

    Least concern (LC)

    See on iucnredlist.org (opens in a new tab)

    WoRMS

    Classification

    Kingdom
    Animalia
    └
    Phylum
    Chordata
    └
    Class
    Teleostei
    └
    Order
    Perciformes
    └
    Family
    Anthiadidae
    └
    Genus
    Pseudanthias
    └
    Species
    Pseudanthias squamipinnis

    AphiaID 218278 · See on WoRMS (opens in a new tab)

    Where this comes from

    Sources

    1. [1]WoRMSWoRMS – Pseudanthias squamipinnis (AphiaID 218278) (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    2. [2]WebFishBase – Pseudanthias squamipinnis, species summary (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    3. [3]WebFishBase – common names of Pseudanthias squamipinnis (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    4. [4]IUCNIUCN Red List – Pseudanthias squamipinnis (LC, évaluée le 12.03.2015, population stable) (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    5. [5]WebLiveAquaria – Lyretail Anthias (quick stats) (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    6. [6]WebLiveAquaria – Keeping the Jewels of the Reef: The Anthias of the Genus Pseudanthias (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    7. [7]WebWikipedia – Pseudanthias squamipinnis (description, mimétisme d'Ecsenius midas, ponte en mer Rouge) (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    8. [8]WebCORAL Magazine – An Anthiinae First: Captive-Bred Anthias at Long Island Aquarium (2015) (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    9. [9]WebReef Builders – Marineland Antibes successfully rears spotfin anthias (2019) (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    10. [10]WebLiveAquaria – The Importance of a Quarantine Tank (opens in a new tab) · accessed on November 11, 2026
    UpdatedNov 11, 2026
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